Comprehensive Guide to the Latest Technology of Fancy Yarn (2025)

Core Abstract: Fancy yarn is a new type of yarn in the field of spinning. It is a yarn with special structure and appearance effect obtained by using special raw materials, special equipment and special processes to process fibers or yarns in the process of spinning and thread making.

The raw materials for conventional yarn production can no longer meet people's requirements for fashionable, differentiated and personalized clothing. In response to people's changes in clothing, the demand for various forms of fancy yarns and colorful fancy yarns has continued to increase, which has promoted the rapid development of fancy yarn and fancy yarn production. These changes and development trends have been fully reflected in the yarn and raw material exhibitions held in China in recent years. The number of companies producing fancy yarn or fancy yarn has increased year by year, and the varieties of fancy yarn and fancy yarn exhibited are also more colorful.

1. Definition of fancy yarn

Yarns with special appearance and structure spun by special equipment such as ordinary spinning system (special process) and fancy twisting machine are also called fancy yarns;

Yarns with special effect color or color change made by special dyeing methods such as interval printing method, disassembly printing method, splash dyeing method, injection dyeing method, differential dyeing method, mixed color spinning method are called fancy yarns:

Fancy yarns with special structure and appearance are called comprehensive fancy yarns.

The main characteristics of fancy yarns are irregular appearance and yarn structure, such as twist, twist direction, twisting method changes, and the gloss and heat shrinkage performance of the yarn itself are different from ordinary yarns;

The main feature of fancy yarns is that the appearance of the yarn presents different color changes or special effect colors in its length direction;

The main feature of comprehensive fancy yarns is that they have the characteristics of both fancy yarns and fancy yarns.

2. Fancy yarn and its processing method

2.1 Development of fancy yarn in ordinary spinning system

By installing an electrical control system on the transmission device of the three pairs of rollers in the drafting zone of the ring spinning machine, so that they change the rotation speed according to the set requirements and make the drafting zone uneven, various fancy yarns can be produced.

2.2 Application of fancy twisting machine

As the fancy yarn forms become increasingly rich and continue to develop towards fashion, differentiation, personalization and diversification, the functions of fancy twisting machines have also developed from simple replication to innovative design. According to the production method, they can be divided into the following categories:

(1) Overfeed fancy yarn: Overfeed fancy yarn refers to the speed of the decorative yarn being greater than the speed of the core yarn, where the overfeed number is equal to the decorative yarn speed divided by the core yarn speed. The characteristic is that the speed of each roller maintains a constant ratio.

(2) Controlled fancy yarn: Controlled fancy yarn is formed by the speed change of each roller according to the requirements of the pattern design.

(3) Special fancy yarn: Made by special production equipment, loops, knots, corrugated yarns, etc. are combined on one line.

III. Performance characteristics and new development trends of fancy yarns

Fancy yarns are very different from traditional conventional yarns in performance characteristics. They are produced by special processing of fiber yarns using special raw materials, special equipment and advanced process technology during the spinning and thread making process. They have special structures and appearance effects. For example, after 2 or more thick and thin yarns are ply-twisted, an uneven yarn appearance will be formed. For example, when 2 or more yarns of different colors are ply-twisted, a multi-colored style can be presented on the final yarn.

Therefore, the production of various fancy yarns can not only increase the added value and profitability of products compared to the production of conventional yarns, but also increase the variety of patterns and colors of the fabrics produced, and make them into clothing, which meets the aesthetic requirements of fashion and personalization. Therefore, fabrics and clothing made of various fancy yarns are a new star in the domestic and foreign textile markets, and are increasingly valued and concerned by spinning and weaving companies.

Looking at the development history of fancy yarn in China, from the current production status of fancy yarn, there are three significant characteristics:

3.1 The raw materials used for fancy yarn tend to be diversified

Originally, the raw materials for fancy yarn production were cotton, acrylic, viscose staple fiber, polyester, nylon, and filament. Now, the use of natural fibers such as silk, wool, and hemp is gradually increasing and popularizing. The use of multiple fiber blends or combinations can take the advantages of various raw materials to make up for the defects of a certain raw material (such as low strength of viscose and poor moisture absorption of polyester), so that the fancy yarn produced and the fabric made through post-processing performance are more in line with the wearing requirements, and the appearance is more colorful.

In addition, according to relevant reports, fancy yarns in developed countries abroad have applied a variety of functional environmentally friendly materials to fancy yarn production. Some domestic fancy yarn manufacturers have also cooperated with colleges and universities to develop environmentally friendly fancy yarns. Its various performance indicators, such as flame retardancy, antistatic properties, UV radiation protection, antibacterial and mildew resistance, have also met the user's use requirements and are developing towards the practical application stage.

3.2 Fancy yarn production is developing towards multi-variety composite

Diversification is the trend of fancy yarn raw materials, and product composite and multi-variety are the development direction of fancy yarns, that is, the use of a variety of color raw materials and a variety of modeling processes to make the products meet the trend of leisure, nature and the times and diversified individual needs.

The colorful combination not only enriches the appearance of fancy yarn, but also expands the practicality of yarn, and can attract the needs of consumers at different levels. In addition, due to the difference in macromolecular structure, the color absorption of fancy yarn is also different, so it can be dyed into a mixed effect of different colors, with strong sensory color effects or soft and elegant effects.

Therefore, in addition to the multi-color combination of raw materials, the fancy shape in the compound product is also very important, such as parallel yarn, big belly yarn, snowflake yarn, circle yarn, bamboo yarn, segment color yarn, corrugated yarn, etc. are used alternately, and multiple colors and shapes are randomly combined in the same group of yarn strips, which not only makes the appearance of the finished yarn more three-dimensional and casual and natural, but also more in line with the personality of modern people who pursue beauty and high-quality life enjoyment.

In addition, colored yarn (also known as fancy yarn or color spinning yarn) that is dyed with fiber before spinning is also a kind of fancy yarn. It uses loose fibers of different colors through artificial or computer color matching, and can also produce various colored yarns or color gradient yarn effects.

3.3 The production equipment of fancy yarn is developing towards multiple models and multiple functions

At present, the production equipment of fancy yarn includes various fancy twisting machines produced domestically, and the existing ring spinning machine can also produce various fancy yarns after appropriate modification and installation of a set of fancy yarn devices.

At present, the domestic production of composite fancy yarns with multi-color and multi-form combinations is mainly due to the technological progress of fancy yarn production equipment. The microcomputer-controlled double drafting, double hollow spindle, double winding multifunctional fancy twisting machine is a technologically advanced fancy twisting equipment. The machine adopts single cradle 4 roller double drafting, the mechanism can meet the needs of 2-component fiber raw materials, and the feeding of two-color roving can produce a variety of composite fancy yarns, which greatly enriches the variety of fancy yarns.

In recent years, single roller, double spindle fancy twisting machine and double roller double spindle fancy twisting machine have been developed successively. On this basis, single roller fancy twisting machine controlled by frequency conversion, chenille (velvet yarn) and YC control knot machine have been developed recently.

After the multifunctional composite fancy device is modified and installed on the existing ring spinning machine, fancy yarns of various shapes can be produced, which has the advantages of low investment and convenient modification, so that domestic enterprises with ring spinning equipment can produce various fancy yarns, which is one of the reasons for the rapid development of domestic fancy yarns in recent years.

The multifunctional composite fancy yarn device is the latest generation of devices with three characteristics:

1. It adopts a unique drafting mechanism to solve the disadvantages of more spinning ring breakage and low efficiency;

2. It adopts powerful intelligent chip technology, which can be spun at will to diversify the production varieties;

3. The machine is equipped with a precise positioning system, and the device is no longer "drag" (no tail) when producing segmented colored yarn. The device can be installed on the ring spinning machine to produce segment colored yarn, segment colored yarn on segment, bamboo yarn + segment colored yarn, AB bamboo yarn and gradient segment colored yarn and other fancy yarns. Compared with the original fancy device, it has more functions and richer colors.

In addition, on the ring spinning machine, a variety of fancy yarns can be produced through different transformation methods. For example, a set of filament yarn guide devices can be installed to produce elastic and non-elastic core-spun yarns, which is also a very popular transformation method. For example, the coarse yarn collector (commonly known as the trumpet head) at the feeding point of the spinning machine can be changed to a double-hole cotton collector at a certain distance, so that the siro spinning can be produced, so that the single yarn has a ply style and can significantly reduce the yarn hairiness and improve the yarn strength.

In short, the ring spinning machine can adapt to the production of various fancy yarns through various transformation methods, which is an important way for spinning enterprises to adjust their product structure and shift from traditional yarns to the development of various new fancy yarns.